Important changes that occur as a result of a program or initiative that may be considered prerequisites of longer-term impact or appropriate ends themselves. They are the types of outcomes often achieved by arts-based civic engagement initiatives and fall in the realm of social and civic capacity building for individuals, institutions, networks, and communities. Intermediate outcomes may be the explicit focus or desired effects of a project or program. Examples of intermediate capacity-building effects are: heightened awareness; increased numbers or diversity of individuals who are engaged; and new relationships built among organizations. (From Chris Dwyer’s Arts and Civic Engagement: Briefing Paper for Working Group of the Arts and Civic Engagement Impact Initiative)